Class 12 Secondary Activities Mock Test (CBSE)

Topics in Secondary Activities

• Manufacturing
• Characteristics of modern large scale manufacturing
• Location of industries
• Footloose industries
• Classification of manufacturing industries
• Small and large scale manufacturing
• Traditional and high-tech industries

Secondary Activities practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following best describes the core essence of manufacturing as a secondary economic activity?

   1. (a)Processing and transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value
   2. (b)Cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock for commercial purposes
   3. (c)Extraction of valuable minerals directly from the earth's crust
   4. (d)Provision of specialized professional and administrative services
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (a) Processing and transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value+1

   Answer: (a)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following is a primary characteristic of modern large-scale manufacturing?

   1. (a)Reliance on a specialized division of labour and mass production
   2. (b)Production carried out mainly by hand tools in small domestic units
   3. (c)Absence of formal organizational structures and standardized output
   4. (d)Complete dependence on local raw materials and seasonal demand
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (a) Reliance on a specialized division of labour and mass production+1

   Answer: (a)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   State any two factors that influence the location of industries, and briefly explain their role.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First factor named, any one of: access to raw materials; access to market; labour supply; sources of energy; transport and communication; government policy; agglomeration economies; or any other valid factor.+0.5
   2. Role of the first factor: access to raw materials — industries using bulky, weight-losing or perishable raw materials (iron and steel, sugar, cement) locate near their source to save transport cost; access to market — a large market with purchasing power, and nearness to consumers for perishable or fragile goods; labour supply — cheap or skilled labour is needed for many manufacturing processes; energy — power-intensive industries such as aluminium locate near sources of energy; transport and communication — speed and capacity of transport to move raw materials and finished goods; government policy — regional policies set up industries in backward areas for balanced development; agglomeration economies — benefits from being near a leader industry and other industries; or the correct role of any other valid factor named.+0.5
   3. Second factor named, a different one from the same list.+0.5
   4. Role of the second factor, as described above.+0.5

   Answer: Any two of: raw materials (bulky or weight-losing materials keep industries near the source), market (nearness to buyers with purchasing power), labour (cheap or skilled workers), energy (power-intensive industries near power sources), transport and communication, government policy (industries set up in backward regions), agglomeration economies.
4. Q4Short answer·2 marks
   Explain any two factors that influence the location of industries.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First factor explained, any one of: access to raw materials — industries using bulky, weight-losing or perishable raw materials (iron and steel, sugar, cement) locate near their source to save transport cost; access to market — a large market with purchasing power, and nearness to consumers for perishable or fragile goods; labour supply — cheap or skilled labour is needed for many manufacturing processes; energy — power-intensive industries such as aluminium locate near sources of energy; transport and communication — speed and capacity of transport to move raw materials and finished goods; government policy — regional policies set up industries in backward areas for balanced development; agglomeration economies — benefits from being near a leader industry and other industries; or any other valid factor.+1
   2. Second factor explained, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: Any two of: raw materials (bulky or weight-losing materials keep industries near the source); market (nearness to buyers with purchasing power); labour (cheap or skilled workers); energy (power-intensive industries near power sources); transport and communication; government policy; agglomeration economies.
5. Q5Short answer·3 marks
   Classify manufacturing industries on the basis of their raw materials. Give one appropriate example for each category.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Classification by raw material: agro-based, mineral-based, chemical-based, forest-based and animal-based industries.+0.5
   2. Agro-based industry (raw material from agriculture), any one of: cotton, jute or silk textiles; sugar; food processing; tea or coffee processing; edible oils; rubber goods; or any other valid agro-based industry.+0.5
   3. Mineral-based industry (minerals as raw material), any one of: iron and steel; aluminium; copper smelting; cement; pottery; or any other valid mineral-based industry.+0.5
   4. Chemical-based industry (natural chemical minerals or petroleum as raw material), any one of: petrochemicals; plastics; synthetic fibres; pharmaceuticals; fertilisers; or any other valid chemical-based industry.+0.5
   5. Forest-based industry (forest produce as raw material), any one of: paper; furniture; lac; or any other valid forest-based industry.+0.5
   6. Animal-based industry (animal products as raw material), any one of: leather; woollen textiles; ivory; or any other valid animal-based industry.+0.5

   Answer: Agro-based (e.g. cotton textiles, sugar), mineral-based (e.g. iron and steel, cement), chemical-based (e.g. petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals), forest-based (e.g. paper, furniture) and animal-based (e.g. leather, woollen textiles).

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