Class 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems Mock Test (CBSE)

Topics in Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

• Environmental pollution
• Water pollution
• Air pollution
• Noise pollution
• Land pollution and degradation
• Urban waste disposal
• Rural-urban migration
• Problems of slums
• Case study: Jhabua district and watershed management

Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following is a direct environmental consequence of air pollution caused by the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from thermal power plants and industries?

   1. (a)Biomagnification
   2. (b)Eutrophication
   3. (c)Acid rain
   4. (d)Soil salinization
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (c) Acid rain+1

   Answer: (c)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following Indian rivers is identified as one of the most polluted due to heavy discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluents, particularly along the stretch passing through Delhi?

   1. (a)Brahmaputra
   2. (b)Kaveri
   3. (c)Narmada
   4. (d)Yamuna
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (d) Yamuna+1

   Answer: (d)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   State any two major sources of noise pollution in urban areas and briefly mention one harmful effect of noise pollution on human health.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First urban source, any one of: vehicular traffic (automobiles, horns); factories and industrial machinery; mechanised construction and demolition work; aircraft; loudspeakers and sirens at festivals and community events; railways; or any other valid source.+0.5
   2. Second urban source, a different one from the same list.+0.5
   3. Harmful effect on health, any one of: hearing impairment or loss of hearing; stress, anxiety and irritability; high blood pressure (hypertension); sleep disturbance; headache and loss of concentration; or any other valid effect.+1

   Answer: Sources, any two of: vehicular traffic, factories and industrial machinery, construction and demolition work, aircraft, loudspeakers and sirens. Effect, any one of: hearing impairment, stress, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance.
4. Q4Short answer·2 marks
   State any two major adverse effects of noise pollution on human health.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First adverse effect, any one of: impairment of hearing or temporary/permanent hearing loss from prolonged exposure to high decibel levels; stress, anxiety and irritability; high blood pressure (hypertension); sleep disturbance; headache and loss of concentration; or any other valid effect.+1
   2. Second adverse effect, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: Any two of: hearing impairment or hearing loss; stress, anxiety and irritability; high blood pressure; sleep disturbance; headache and loss of concentration.
5. Q5Short answer·3 marks
   Explain any three major problems associated with urban waste disposal in metropolitan cities of India.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First problem explained, any one of: solid waste generated far exceeds the collection and handling capacity of urban local bodies, so much of it lies uncollected; open dumps give off foul smells and harbour flies and rodents that spread diseases such as typhoid, diarrhoea, malaria and cholera; carelessly handled waste is spread by wind and washed by rain, causing nuisance and blocking drains; industrial and hazardous (including electronic) waste mixed with municipal waste or dumped in low-lying areas contaminates soil and groundwater; untreated sewage and waste dumped into rivers pollutes water; or any other valid problem.+1
   2. Second problem explained, a different one from the same list.+1
   3. Third problem explained, a different one from the first two.+1

   Answer: Any three of: waste far exceeds the collection capacity of local bodies; open dumps cause foul smells and breed flies and rodents that spread diseases such as typhoid and cholera; waste spread by wind and rain causes nuisance; industrial and hazardous waste contaminates soil and groundwater; untreated sewage and waste pollute rivers.
6. Q6Short answer·3 marks
   Explain any three major causes of land degradation in India.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First cause explained, any one of: excessive use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides and insecticides, causing soil toxicity and loss of organic content; deforestation, which removes vegetative cover and speeds up soil erosion; overgrazing, which strips the ground of grass and exposes the soil to wind and water erosion; mining and quarrying, which leave pits and heaps of waste and make land barren; industrial effluents and solid waste dumped on land; over-irrigation, which causes waterlogging, salinity and alkalinity; or any other valid cause (e.g. shifting cultivation on slopes, urban expansion).+1
   2. Second cause explained, a different one from the same list.+1
   3. Third cause explained, a different one from the first two.+1

   Answer: Any three of: excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides; deforestation; overgrazing; mining and quarrying; industrial effluents and waste; over-irrigation causing waterlogging, salinity and alkalinity.

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