Class 12 Land Resources and Agriculture Mock Test (CBSE)

Topics in Land Resources and Agriculture

• Land use categories
• Land use changes in India
• Common property resources
• Agricultural land use in India
• Cropping seasons in India
• Types of farming
• Cropping pattern
• Major crops
• Agricultural development in India
• Problems of Indian agriculture

Land Resources and Agriculture practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following is a major Rabi crop grown in India requiring a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening?

   1. (a)Wheat
   2. (b)Cotton
   3. (c)Rice
   4. (d)Jowar
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (a) Wheat+1

   Answer: (a)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   The strategy of agricultural development introduced in India during the late 1960s, which made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation, is popularly known as:

   1. (a)Operation Flood
   2. (b)Green Revolution
   3. (c)Blue Revolution
   4. (d)White Revolution
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (b) Green Revolution+1

   Answer: (b)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   Highlight any two major structural or environmental problems faced by Indian agriculture.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First problem, any one of: small and fragmented landholdings, which make mechanisation and modern farming difficult; dependence on erratic monsoons where irrigation is limited, causing crop failure; low productivity compared with world levels; degradation of cultivable land through salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, soil erosion and loss of fertility from overuse of chemicals; lack of land reforms and unequal distribution of land; financial constraints and indebtedness of farmers; lack of commercialisation (mostly subsistence farming); vast underemployment in agriculture; or any other valid problem.+1
   2. Second problem, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: Any two of: small and fragmented landholdings; dependence on erratic monsoons; low productivity; degradation of cultivable land (salinity, waterlogging, erosion); lack of land reforms; indebtedness of farmers; lack of commercialisation; underemployment.
4. Q4Short answer·2 marks
   Explain any two major structural or environmental problems faced by Indian agriculture.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First problem explained, any one of: dependence on erratic monsoons where irrigation is limited, making production uncertain and causing crop failure; small and fragmented landholdings, which restrict mechanisation and modern technology; low productivity compared with world levels; degradation of cultivable land through salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, soil erosion and loss of fertility from overuse of chemicals; lack of land reforms and unequal distribution of land; financial constraints and indebtedness of farmers; lack of commercialisation (mostly subsistence farming); vast underemployment in agriculture; or any other valid problem.+1
   2. Second problem explained, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: Any two of: dependence on erratic monsoons (uncertain production); small and fragmented holdings (restrict mechanisation); low productivity; degradation of cultivable land (salinity, waterlogging, erosion); lack of land reforms; indebtedness of farmers; lack of commercialisation; underemployment.
5. Q5Short answer·3 marks
   Explain any three major categories of land use in India as maintained by the land revenue records.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First category explained, any one of: forests (area demarcated by the government for forest growth); land put to non-agricultural uses (settlements, roads, railways, canals, industries); barren and wastelands (barren hills, deserts, ravines that cannot be cultivated with available technology); permanent pastures and grazing lands (mostly village common land); land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (orchards, fruit trees); culturable wasteland (left uncultivated for more than five years but reclaimable); current fallow (left uncultivated for one agricultural year or less); fallow other than current fallow (uncultivated for one to five years); net sown area (physical area on which crops are sown and harvested); or a broader group such as land not available for cultivation, other uncultivated land, or fallow lands; or any other valid category.+1
   2. Second category explained, a different one from the same list that is not part of or does not contain the first (e.g. not 'barren land' after 'land not available for cultivation').+1
   3. Third category explained, a different one from the first two, again not overlapping them.+1

   Answer: Any three of: forests; land put to non-agricultural uses; barren and wastelands; permanent pastures and grazing lands; miscellaneous tree crops and groves; culturable wasteland (uncultivated over five years); current fallow (one year or less); fallow other than current fallow (one to five years); net sown area; or the broader groups land not available for cultivation, other uncultivated land and fallow lands — each with its meaning.

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