Class 12 Biodiversity and Conservation Mock Test (CBSE)

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

• Biodiversity and its levels
• How many species are there on earth
• Patterns of biodiversity
• Importance of species diversity to the ecosystem
• Loss of biodiversity and its causes
• In situ conservation
• Ex situ conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following is an example of in situ conservation?

   1. (a)Seed bank
   2. (b)Cryopreservation
   3. (c)National park
   4. (d)Botanical garden
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (c) National park+1

   Answer: (c)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following is a specialized *ex situ* conservation method used for preserving threatened plant species by storing their viable seeds under low temperatures and humidity?

   1. (a)Seed bank
   2. (b)Sacred grove
   3. (c)National park
   4. (d)Wildlife sanctuary
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (a) Seed bank+1

   Answer: (a)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   Name the three main hierarchical levels at which biodiversity is observed. Give an example to illustrate genetic diversity.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Genetic diversity.+0.5
   2. Species diversity.+0.5
   3. Ecological diversity.+0.5
   4. Example of genetic diversity, any one of: the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria in different Himalayan ranges varies in the potency and concentration of reserpine; India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice; India has about 1,000 varieties of mango; or any other valid example of variation within one species.+0.5

   Answer: Genetic, species and ecological diversity; example (any one): variation in reserpine potency of Rauwolfia vomitoria, over 50,000 strains of rice in India, or about 1,000 varieties of mango.
4. Q4Short answer·2 marks
   Name the three hierarchical levels of biodiversity. Give one suitable example of genetic diversity.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Genetic diversity.+0.5
   2. Species diversity.+0.5
   3. Ecological diversity.+0.5
   4. Example of genetic diversity, any one of: the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria in different Himalayan ranges varies in the potency and concentration of reserpine; India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice; India has about 1,000 varieties of mango; or any other valid example of variation within one species.+0.5

   Answer: Genetic, species and ecological diversity; example (any one): variation in reserpine potency of Rauwolfia vomitoria, over 50,000 strains of rice in India, or about 1,000 varieties of mango.
5. Q5Short answer·3 marks
   State the species-area relationship discovered by the German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt. Represent this relationship graphically or mathematically using an equation on a logarithmic scale, defining the terms involved.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. State Humboldt's observation: within a region, species richness increases with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit.+1
   2. Write the relationship $S = CA^Z$, i.e. in logarithmic form $\log S = \log C + Z \log A$.+1
   3. Define $S$ = species richness and $A$ = area.+0.5
   4. Define $Z$ = slope of the line (regression coefficient) and $C$ = a constant, with $\log C$ the Y-intercept of the log-log line (accept 'C = Y-intercept' as worded in NCERT).+0.5

   Answer: Species richness increases with area up to a limit; $S = CA^Z$, i.e. $\log S = \log C + Z \log A$, where $S$ = species richness, $A$ = area, $Z$ = slope (regression coefficient), $C$ = constant ($\log C$ = Y-intercept).

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