Class 10 Pollution Mock Test (ICSE)

Topics in Pollution

• Air, water, soil, thermal and radiation pollution
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes
• Greenhouse effect and global warming
• Acid rain and ozone depletion
• Control measures

Pollution practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for contributing to global warming via the greenhouse effect?

   1. (a)Argon
   2. (b)Carbon dioxide
   3. (c)Nitrogen
   4. (d)Oxygen
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (b) Carbon dioxide+1

   Answer: (b)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   Eutrophication in a freshwater body is primarily caused by the excessive entry of which of the following?

   1. (a)Carbon monoxide from automobile exhausts
   2. (b)Nitrates and phosphates from agricultural fertilizers
   3. (c)Heavy metals such as lead and mercury
   4. (d)Sulphur dioxide from thermal power plants
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (b) Nitrates and phosphates from agricultural fertilizers+1

   Answer: (b)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   Name the two primary pollutant gases that are mainly responsible for causing acid rain. State one harmful effect of acid rain on soil.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First gas: Sulphur dioxide ($\text{SO}_2$) (or oxides of sulphur).+0.5
   2. Second gas: Nitrogen dioxide ($\text{NO}_2$) (or oxides of nitrogen).+0.5
   3. Harmful effect on soil, any one of: increases soil acidity; leaches out essential nutrients; reduces soil fertility; or any other valid effect.+1

   Answer: Gases: Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Effect (any one): increases soil acidity, leaching nutrients and reducing fertility.
4. Q4Short answer·2 marks
   Name the two main gases responsible for acid rain and state one harmful effect of acid rain on aquatic life.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First gas: Sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$).+0.5
   2. Second gas: Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$).+0.5
   3. Harmful effect, any one of: it increases the acidity (lowers the pH) of water bodies, killing fish and other aquatic organisms; it disrupts aquatic food chains; or any other valid effect.+1

   Answer: Gases: Sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$) and Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$); Effect: Increases acidity of water bodies, killing aquatic life.
5. Q5Long answer·4 marks
   Suggest four effective control measures to check environmental pollution, taking one specific measure for each of the following: (a) Vehicular air pollution (b) Industrial effluent discharge (c) Municipal solid waste disposal (d) Agricultural runoff
   Show answer and step marks

   1. (a) Vehicular air pollution, any one of: fitting catalytic converters; using cleaner fuels such as CNG or unleaded petrol; regular emission (PUC) checks; using public transport or electric vehicles; or any other valid measure.+1
   2. (b) Industrial effluent discharge, any one of: treating effluents in Effluent Treatment Plants before release; removing toxic chemicals and heavy metals from waste water; or any other valid measure.+1
   3. (c) Municipal solid waste disposal, any one of: segregating biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, then composting and recycling; disposal in sanitary landfills; or any other valid measure.+1
   4. (d) Agricultural runoff, any one of: limiting the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides; organic farming or biofertilisers; integrated pest management; or any other valid measure.+1

   Answer: (a) Catalytic converters or cleaner fuels such as CNG. (b) Treating industrial effluents in Effluent Treatment Plants before release. (c) Segregating waste, then composting and recycling it. (d) Limiting chemical fertilisers and pesticides and adopting organic farming. Any other valid measure for each source is credited.
6. Q6Long answer·4 marks
   Answer the following questions regarding pollution control measures: (a) State two measures to control air pollution caused by automobiles. [2] (b) Mention two methods for the proper management of non-biodegradable domestic waste. [2]
   Show answer and step marks

   1. (a) First measure, any one of: using cleaner fuels such as CNG or unleaded petrol; fitting catalytic converters; regular emission testing (PUC certification) and engine maintenance; using public transport, car pools or electric vehicles; or any other valid measure.+1
   2. (a) Second measure, a different one from the same list.+1
   3. (b) First method, any one of: segregating non-biodegradable waste at source; recycling plastics, glass and metals; reusing articles and reducing the use of plastics; safe disposal in sanitary landfills; controlled incineration of non-recyclable waste; or any other valid method.+1
   4. (b) Second method, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: (a) Any two of: cleaner fuels such as CNG, catalytic converters, regular emission (PUC) checks, public transport or electric vehicles. (b) Any two of: segregation at source, recycling of plastics, glass and metals, reuse and reduced use of plastics, sanitary landfills, controlled incineration.

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