Class 12 Principles of Management Mock Test (CBSE)

Topics in Principles of Management

• Nature of principles of management
• Significance of principles of management
• Fayol's principles of management
• Taylor's scientific management
• Principles of scientific management
• Techniques of scientific management
• Functional foremanship
• Standardisation and simplification of work
• Method, motion, time and fatigue study

Principles of Management practice questions with answers

1. Q1Multiple choice·1 mark
   According to F.W. Taylor, which principle of scientific management emphasizes that management should share the gains of the company with workers and that there should be an open-door policy of communication?

   1. (a)Harmony, not discord
   2. (b)Cooperation, not individualism
   3. (c)Science, not rule of thumb
   4. (d)Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (b)+1

   Answer: (b)
2. Q2Multiple choice·1 mark
   Which of the following best describes the core objective of the 'Mental Revolution' as advocated by F.W. Taylor under scientific management?

   1. (a)Replacing manual labor entirely with heavy automated machinery
   2. (b)A complete change in the mental attitude of both workers and management towards each other and their work
   3. (c)Maximizing organizational profits by lowering the wages and incentives of workers
   4. (d)Standardizing factory tools and equipment without consulting the workforce
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Correct option: (b)+1

   Answer: (b)
3. Q3Short answer·2 marks
   State and briefly explain any two techniques of scientific management developed by F.W. Taylor.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. First technique with its explanation, any one of: functional foremanship: planning and execution are separated, and each worker is supervised by eight specialist foremen (route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk, disciplinarian, speed boss, gang boss, repair boss and inspector); standardisation and simplification of work: standards are set for every activity, and superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions of products are eliminated; method study: finding the one best way of doing a job to minimise its cost and maximise quality; motion study: studying the movements involved in a job to eliminate unnecessary motions; time study: fixing the standard time for a well-defined job, to decide the number of workers and their wages; fatigue study: deciding the amount and frequency of rest intervals so that workers can regain their efficiency; differential piece wage system: efficient workers who reach the standard output get a higher rate per piece than those who do not; or any other valid technique of scientific management.+1
   2. Second technique with its explanation, a different one from the same list.+1

   Answer: Any two of: functional foremanship (planning separated from execution, eight specialist foremen); standardisation and simplification of work; method study (one best way of doing a job); motion study (eliminating unnecessary movements); time study (standard time for a job); fatigue study (rest intervals to restore efficiency); differential piece wage system (higher piece rate for efficient workers).
4. Q4Short answer·3 marks
   Differentiate between 'Standardisation of work' and 'Simplification of work' as techniques of scientific management, highlighting one main objective of each.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Standardisation of work: setting standards for every business activity, such as processes, raw materials, time, products, machinery, methods and working conditions.+1
   2. Objective of standardisation, any one of: to reduce a line of products to fixed types, sizes and characteristics; to establish interchangeability of manufactured parts and products; to establish standards of excellence and quality in materials; to establish standards of performance of men and machines; or any other valid objective.+0.5
   3. Simplification of work: eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions of products.+1
   4. Objective of simplification, any one of: to save the cost of labour, machines and tools; to reduce inventories; to make fuller use of equipment; to increase turnover; or any other valid objective.+0.5

   Answer: Standardisation sets standards for every business activity (processes, materials, time, products, machines, working conditions); one objective, e.g. interchangeability of parts or set standards of quality. Simplification eliminates superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions of products; one objective, e.g. saving labour and machine costs, lower inventories or fuller use of equipment.
5. Q5Short answer·3 marks
   State the meaning of 'Functional Foremanship' as a technique of scientific management. Briefly explain how it divides the work of a factory supervisor.
   Show answer and step marks

   1. Meaning: functional foremanship extends division of labour and specialisation to the shop floor; each worker is supervised by eight specialist foremen instead of one foreman.+1
   2. Division of work: planning is separated from execution, with the factory supervisor's work split between a Planning In-charge and a Production In-charge, each with four specialists.+1
   3. Planning In-charge: names at least two of its four specialists: route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk, disciplinarian.+0.5
   4. Production In-charge: names at least two of its four specialists: speed boss, gang boss, repair boss, inspector.+0.5

   Answer: Functional foremanship extends specialisation to supervision: each worker is supervised by eight specialist foremen. Planning is separated from execution: the Planning In-charge has the route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk and disciplinarian; the Production In-charge has the speed boss, gang boss, repair boss and inspector.

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